Semantic Mapping
Semantic maps, or graphic organizers, are maps or webs of words. The purpose of creating a semantic map is to visually display the meaning-based connections between a word or phrase and a set of related words or concepts. Semantic maps help students, especially those who are struggling or have disabilities, to identify, understand, and recall the meaning of words they find in the text.
Before reading a piece of text, it can be helpful to introduce students to the use of semantic maps. Tell them about the three types of semantic maps: webs, Venn diagrams, and timelines. Invite the students to fill the blank maps with words and explore those words in the class with images and multimedia. Familiarize them with these maps through ample practice.
Students can also learn to use semantic maps through step by step directions, such as the ones below:
Pick a word you do not know from a text you are reading and mark the word. If you are using digital text, you can highlight, bold, or underline the word.
Use a blank map or begin to draw a map or web (either on paper or using an online tool).
Place the word you do not know in the centre of the map.
Pronounce the word. If necessary, use an online dictionary with audio to help you with this task.
Read the text around the word to see if there are related words you can add to your map. If you are using digital text, you can utilize the computer’s text-to-speech function to read the text to you.
Use an online dictionary or thesaurus to look up the word and find a definition.
Find other words and phrases that match the meaning of the word. Select pictures/images (online or from available resources) or draw pictures that fit the definition.
Add these words, phrases, or images to your semantic map.
If you are working online, print out the map.
Reread the text, applying the meaning of the word to the text.
Share and compare your map with your classmates.
Many technological tools can help students create semantic maps (including thinking maps, mind maps, bubble maps, and concept maps). Examples of such tools are Webspiration, Bubblus, Diagrammr, Mindomo, Thinklinkr, Glinkr, and Creately. Websites like Canva, Thinkport Graphic organizers, and Holt Interactive Graphic Organizers can also be used to create semantic maps digitally.
References
Judy Zorfass, Tracy Gray, PowerUp WHAT WORKS (2014)
Khoii, R., & Sharififar, S. (2013). Memorization versus semantic mapping in L2 vocabulary acquisition. ELT Journal: English Language Teachers Journal, 67(2), 199-209.
Rupley, W. H., Logan, J. W., & Nichols, W. D. (1998). Vocabulary instruction in a balanced reading program. Reading Teacher, 52(4), 336.